Résumé:
This dissertation explores the complex realities of modern labor practices in the Gulf
Cooperation Council states(GCC), questioning whether they present a continuity of historical
exploitation or constitute a novel form of slavery . The study uses a historical analysis to explore
the historical legacy of slavery in the region and its transition into modern labor frameworks. The
study then critically examines the kafala (sponsorship)system , analyzing its fundamental
mechanics and their implications for migrant workers. Drawing upon survey data that captures
the lived experiences of these workers and using secondary data from reports, case studies and
international organizations, the dissertation analyzes the extent to which their human rights are
upheld or violated. This indicates that the research follows a mixed-methods approach,
combining historical analysis with survey- based quantitative data. Furthermore, it evaluates
recent labor changes in the Gulf states. This work provides a refined comprehension of the
challenges and complexities inherent in the Gulf’s labor environment and identifies pathways for
reform to ensure more equitable and rights-respecting labor practices. The findings of the
research show that migrant workers often face legal insecurity, limited access to justice, and
unequal power dynamics with their sponsors which highlights persistent patterns of exploitation
under the kafala system. While some reforms have been introduced their implementation
remains inconsistent and often superficial.
