Résumé:
The female breast, located between the 2nd and 6th ribs and attached to the pectoralis major
by Cooper’s ligaments, is composed of skin, subcutaneous fat, and glandular tissue organized
into 15–20 lobes that drain into lactiferous ducts, with most tissue concentrated in the upper
outer quadrant. Breast cancer, the most frequently diagnosed cancer globally and the second
leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women, is expected to affect 3.2 million women
annually by 2050. The etiology and risk factors of breast cancer, highlighting the interplay
between genetics, hormones, environment, and family history. Breast cancer arises from
genetic mutations, hormonal dysregulation, and disrupted cell signaling. Its progression
involves transition from preinvasive to invasive stages, with subtypes (DCIS, IDC, ILC)
differing in behavior. Tumor biology (HR/HER2 status) guides treatment, while staging
determines prognosis and therapy. TNBC remains the most challenging subtype due to
limited targeted options. Advances in molecular profiling continue to refine personalized
treatment strategies.
This study examined the immunohistochemistry features of breast cancer, the most common
cancer among women in Tebessa, Algeria. We examined patient demographics and clinical
pathology. The relationship between molecular subgroups and clinicopathological
characteristics was investigated. These findings demonstrate that breast cancer usually
manifests in middle adulthood and that the luminal B subtype of the disease is more prevalent
in this area of Algeria. Unclassifiable tumours had less aggressive clinical features. Tebessa
will use the study's findings to create efficient screening programmes and cancer prevention
plans.
