Résumé:
This thesis highlights the importance of age-structured mathematical models in understanding
the behavior of complex infectious diseases. The studied model illustrates how temporal factors
such as biological age and incubation period affect the spread of infection, and demonstrates the
possibility of controlling epidemic dynamics through effective intervention strategies. The results
show that targeted vaccination can significantly reduce the spread of the disease, reinforcing the
role of mathematical modeling in supporting scientifically based public health decisions.