Azolla Caroliniana cultivation for animal's feed

Abstract

This study investigates the physical, chemical, and medicinal properties of Azolla caroliniana, focusing on its potential applications in agriculture, animal feed, and pharmaceuticals. The research was conducted through field and laboratory experiments at the Faculty of Exact Sciences and Natural and Life Sciences, University of Tebessa. Field Study: The experiment took place in a controlled greenhouse using a cultivation basin measuring 2.5 m × 1 m. The water was carefully monitored for purity and enriched with micronutrients essential for nitrogen fixation. Over a period of three months, a rapid increase in biomass was observed within the first 15 days, demonstrating the high growth efficiency of Azolla caroliniana. The plant’s symbiotic relationship with Anabaena azollae enabled atmospheric nitrogen fixation, which enhances soil fertility and reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers, thereby supporting sustainable agriculture. Laboratory Study – Rabbit Feeding Trial: Fifteen rabbits were divided into three groups: Group 1 (control) received traditional feed; Group 2 was given Azolla extract (1 ml per 100 ml water); and Group 3 was fed fresh Azolla directly. The feeding trial lasted 30 days, with body weights recorded every 3 days. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and t-tests revealed significant differences in weight gain among the groups, confirming the nutritional benefits of Azolla supplementation. Blood Analyses: Blood tests measured total protein, glucose, and lipid levels, showing marked improvements in the supplemented groups, thus confirming the positive nutritional value of Azolla as a natural feed supplement. Chemical Analyses: Extraction yielded 7 ml of essential oil from 100 g of plant material and 50 ml of ethanolic-aqueous extract from 70 g using a rotary evaporator. Qualitative phytochemical screening identified biologically active compounds including flavonoids, proteins, saponins, tannins, sterols, mucilages, and compounds with mild narcotic properties, indicating promising pharmaceutical potential.These results highlight the versatile benefits of Azolla caroliniana in sustainable agriculture, animal nutrition, and alternative medicine, positioning it as a rich and multifunctional plant with significant promise for both human and animal applications.